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href="https://training.sensiolabs.com/en/courses?q=symfony">Training</a></h4> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4><a href="https://sensiolabs.com/certification">Certification</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="toc"> <h4>Table of Contents</h4> <div class="toc-content"> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Controller</a> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#a-simple-controller">A Simple Controller</a> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#mapping-a-url-to-a-controller">Mapping a URL to a Controller</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-base-controller-class-services">The Base Controller Class &
Services</a> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#generating-urls">Generating URLs</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#redirecting">Redirecting</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#rendering-templates">Rendering Templates</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#accessing-other-services">Accessing other Services</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-errors-and-404-pages">Managing Errors and 404 Pages</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-request-object-as-a-controller-argument">The Request object as a Controller Argument</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-the-session">Managing the Session</a> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#flash-messages">Flash Messages</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-request-and-response-object">The Request and Response Object</a> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#json-helper">JSON Helper</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-helper">File helper</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#keep-going">Keep Going!</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#learn-more-about-controllers">Learn more about Controllers</a> <ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ads"> <div id="ad_jobs" data-url="http://jobs.sensiolabs.com/api/random"></div> <div class="ad" id="ad_trainings_1"> <h3> <a href="https://training.sensiolabs.com/en/courses?q=symfony" data-tracked data-category="Ads" data-action="Ads" data-label="trainings_1"> Master Symfony fundamentals </a> </h3> <div>Be trained by SensioLabs experts (2 to 6 day sessions -- French or English).</div> <div> <cite>training.sensiolabs.com</cite> </div> </div> <div class="ad" id="ad_support_1"> <h3> <a href="https://sensiolabs.com/en/packaged-solutions/index.html" data-tracked data-category="Ads" data-action="Ads" data-label="support_1"> Discover SensioLabs'
Professional Business Solutions </a> </h3> <div>Peruse our complete Symfony & PHP solutions catalog for your web development needs.</div> <div> <cite>sensiolabs.com</cite> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ads"> <a href="https://blackfire.io/24-days" data-tracked data-category="Ads" data-action="sidebar" data-label="blackfire"><img src="http://symfony.com/images/blackfire-profiler.png?v=5" class="img-responsive" alt="Blackfire Profiler Fire up your PHP Apps Performance" /></a> <a href="https://insight.sensiolabs.com" data-tracked data-category="Ads" data-action="sidebar" data-label="insight"><img src="http://symfony.com/images/sensiolabsinsight.png?v=5" class="img-responsive" alt="PHP Project Quality Done Right" /></a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main" class="col-sm-9"> <ol class="breadcrumb" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li class="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1" /> </li> <li class="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/doc/current/index.html"><span itemprop="name">Documentation</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2" /> </li> <li class="active" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href=""><span itemprop="name">Controller</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3" /> </li> </ol> <h1 class="content_title"> Controller </h1> <div class="page"> <div id="doc-content-tools"> <div class="doc-switcher"> <div class="doc-switcher-wrapper"> <div class="version"> 3.2 version <i class="arrow-down"></i> </div> <div class="all-versions"> <strong class="title">Maintained</strong> <ul> <li> <a href="/doc/2.7/controller.html"> 2.7 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/doc/2.8/controller.html"> 2.8 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/doc/3.2/controller.html"> 3.2 / current </a> </li> <li> <a href="/doc/master/controller.html"> 3.3 / master </a> </li> </ul> <strong class="title">Unmaintained</strong> <ul> <li> <a href="/doc/3.0/controller.html"> 3.0 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/doc/3.1/controller.html"> 3.1 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="doc-edit"> <a href="https://github.com/symfony/symfony-docs/edit/3.2/controller.rst">edit this page</a> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="controller"> <span id="index-0"></span> <h1>Controller<a class="headerlink" href="#controller" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>A controller is a PHP function you create that reads information from the Symfony's <code class="notranslate">Request</code> object and creates and returns a <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object. The response could be an HTML page, JSON, XML, a file download, a redirect, a 404 error or anything else you can dream up. The controller executes whatever arbitrary logic <em>your application</em> needs to render the content of a page.</p> <p>See how simple this is by looking at a Symfony controller in action. This renders a page that prints a lucky (random) number:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c1"> // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php</span>
<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="nx">AppBundle\Controller</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">LuckyController</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd"> * @Route("/lucky/number")</span>
<span class="sd"> */ </span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">numberAction</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="nv">$number</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">mt_rand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Response</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">' < html> < body> Lucky number: ' </span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$number</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">' < /body> < /html> ' </span> <span class="p">); </span> <span class="p"> } </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>But in the real world, your controller will probably do a lot of work in order to create the response. It might read information from the request, load a database resource, send an email or set information on the user's session. But in all cases, the controller will eventually return the <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object that will be delivered back to the client.</p> <div class="admonition-wrapper"> <div class="tip"></div> <div class="admonition admonition-tip"> <p class="first admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="last">If you haven't already created your first working page, check out <a class="reference internal" href="page_creation.html"><em>Create your First Page in Symfony</em></a> and then come back!</p> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="a-simple-controller"> <span id="index-1"></span> <h2>A Simple Controller<a class="headerlink" href="#a-simple-controller" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>While a controller can be any PHP callable (a function, method on an object, or a <code class="notranslate">Closure</code>), a controller is usually a method inside a controller class:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c1"> // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php</span>
<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="nx">AppBundle\Controller</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">LuckyController</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd"> * @Route("/lucky/number/{max}")</span>
<span class="sd"> */ </span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">numberAction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$max</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="nv">$number</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">mt_rand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="nv">$max</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Response</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">' < html> < body> Lucky number: ' </span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$number</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">' < /body> < /html> ' </span> <span class="p">); </span> <span class="p"> } </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>The controller is the <code class="notranslate">numberAction()</code> method, which lives inside a controller class <code class="notranslate">LuckyController</code>.</p> <p>This controller is pretty straightforward:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><em>line 2</em>: Symfony takes advantage of PHP's namespace functionality to namespace the entire controller class.</li> <li><em>line 4</em>: Symfony again takes advantage of PHP's namespace functionality: the <code class="notranslate">use</code> keyword imports the <code class="notranslate">Response</code> class, which the controller must return.</li> <li><em>line 7</em>: The class can technically be called anything - but should end in the word <code class="notranslate">Controller</code> (this isn't <em>required</em>, but some shortcuts rely on this).</li> <li><em>line 12</em>: Each action method in a controller class is suffixed with <code class="notranslate">Action</code> (again, this isn't <em>required</em>, but some shortcuts rely on this). This method is allowed to have a <code class="notranslate">$max</code> argument thanks to the <code class="notranslate"> { max
}
</code> <a class="reference internal" href="routing.html"><em>wildcard in the route</em></a>.</li> <li><em>line 16</em>: The controller creates and returns a <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object.</li> </ul> <div class="section" id="mapping-a-url-to-a-controller"> <span id="index-2"></span> <h3>Mapping a URL to a Controller<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping-a-url-to-a-controller" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>In order to <em>view</em> the result of this controller, you need to map a URL to it via a route. This was done above with the <code class="notranslate">@
Route("
/lucky/number/ { max
}
"
)</code> annotation.</p> <p>To see your page, go to this URL in your browser:</p> <blockquote> <div><a class="reference external" href="http://localhost:8000/lucky/number/100">http: //localhost:8000/lucky/number/100</a></div> </blockquote> <p>For more information on routing, see <a class="reference internal" href="routing.html"><em>Routing</em></a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="the-base-controller-class-services"> <span id="index-3"></span> <h2>The Base Controller Class &
Services<a class="headerlink" href="#the-base-controller-class-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>For convenience, Symfony comes with an optional base <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Controller/Controller.html" title="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller">Controller</a></code> class. If you extend it, this won't change anything about how your controller works, but you'll get access to a number of <strong>helper methods</strong> and the <strong>service container</strong> (see <a class="reference internal" href="#controller-accessing-services"><span>Accessing other Services</span></a>): an array-like object that gives you access to every useful object in the system. These useful objects are called <strong>services</strong>, and Symfony ships with a service object that can render Twig templates, another that can log messages and many more.</p> <p>Add the <code class="notranslate">use</code> statement atop the <code class="notranslate">Controller</code> class and then modify <code class="notranslate">LuckyController</code> to extend it:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c1"> // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php</span>
<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="nx">AppBundle\Controller</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">LuckyController</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">Controller</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="c1"> // ...</span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>Helper methods are just shortcuts to using core Symfony functionality that's available to you with or without the use of the base <code class="notranslate">Controller</code> class. A great way to see the core functionality in action is to look in the <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Controller/Controller.html" title="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller">Controller</a></code> class.</p> <div class="section" id="generating-urls"> <span id="index-4"></span> <h3>Generating URLs<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-urls" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>The <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Controller/Controller.html#method_generateUrl" title="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller::generateUrl()">generateUrl()</a></code> method is just a helper method that generates the URL for a given route:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">generateUrl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
blog_show'
</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
slug'
</span> <span class="o">=>
</span> <span class="s1">'
slug-value'
</span><span class="p">));
</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="redirecting"> <h3>Redirecting<a class="headerlink" href="#redirecting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>If you want to redirect the user to another page, use the <code class="notranslate">redirectToRoute()</code> and <code class="notranslate">redirect()</code> methods:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">indexAction</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="c1"> // redirect to the "homepage" route</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">redirectToRoute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' homepage' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // do a permanent - 301 redirect</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">redirectToRoute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' homepage' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(), </span> <span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // redirect to a route with parameters</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">redirectToRoute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' blog_show' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' slug' </span> <span class="o">=> </span> <span class="s1">' my-page' </span><span class="p">)); </span> <span class="c1"> // redirect externally</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">redirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' http: //symfony.com/doc'</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>For more information, see the <a class="reference internal" href="routing.html"><em>Routing article</em></a>.</p> <div class="admonition-wrapper"> <div class="caution"></div> <div class="admonition admonition-caution"> <p class="first admonition-title">Caution</p> <p class="last">The <code class="notranslate">redirect()</code> method does not check its destination in any way. If you redirect to some URL provided by the end-users, your application may be open to the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Open_redirect">unvalidated redirects security vulnerability</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="admonition-wrapper"> <div class="tip"></div> <div class="admonition admonition-tip"> <p class="first admonition-title">Tip</p> <p>The <code class="notranslate">redirectToRoute()</code> method is simply a shortcut that creates a <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object that specializes in redirecting the user. It's equivalent to:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="last highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1 2 3 4 5 6</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RedirectResponse</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">indexAction</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">RedirectResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">generateUrl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' homepage' </span><span class="p">)); </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="rendering-templates"> <span id="controller-rendering-templates"></span><span id="index-5"></span> <h3>Rendering Templates<a class="headerlink" href="#rendering-templates" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>If you're serving HTML, you'll want to render a template. The <code class="notranslate">render()</code> method renders a template <strong>and</strong> puts that content into a <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object for you:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c1"> // renders app/Resources/views/lucky/number.html.twig</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
lucky/number.html.twig'
</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
name'
</span> <span class="o">=>
</span> <span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">));
</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> <p>Templates can also live in deeper sub-directories. Just try to avoid creating unnecessarily deep structures:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c1"> // renders app/Resources/views/lottery/lucky/number.html.twig</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
lottery/lucky/number.html.twig'
</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">'
name'
</span> <span class="o">=>
</span> <span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="p">));
</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> <p>The Symfony templating system and Twig are explained more in the <a class="reference internal" href="templating.html"><em>Creating and Using Templates article</em></a>.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="accessing-other-services"> <span id="controller-accessing-services"></span><span id="index-6"></span> <h3>Accessing other Services<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-other-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>Symfony comes packed with a lot of useful objects, called <em>services</em>. These are used for rendering templates, sending emails, querying the database and any other " work" you can think of. When you install a new bundle, it probably brings in even <em>more</em> services.</p> <p>When extending the base controller class, you can access any Symfony service via the <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Controller/Controller.html#method_get" title="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller::get()">get()</a></code> method of the <code class="notranslate">Controller</code> class. Here are several common services you might need:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1 2 3 4 5</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$templating</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
templating'
</span><span class="p">);
</span> <span class="nv">$router</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
router'
</span><span class="p">);
</span> <span class="nv">$mailer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
mailer'
</span><span class="p">);
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>What other services exist? To list all services, use the <code class="notranslate">debug:container</code> console command:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-terminal"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> php bin/console debug:container </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>For more information, see the <a class="reference internal" href="service_container.html"><em>Service Container</em></a> article.</p> <div class="admonition-wrapper"> <div class="tip"></div> <div class="admonition admonition-tip"> <p class="first admonition-title">Tip</p> <p>To get a <a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html#config-parameter-intro"><span>container configuration parameter</span></a>, use the <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Controller/Controller.html#method_getParameter" title="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller::getParameter()">getParameter()</a></code> method:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="last highlight-php"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$from</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">getParameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
app.mailer.from'
</span><span class="p">);
</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="managing-errors-and-404-pages"> <span id="index-7"></span> <h2>Managing Errors and 404 Pages<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-errors-and-404-pages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>When things are not found, you should play well with the HTTP protocol and return a 404 response. To do this, you'll throw a special type of exception. If you're extending the base <code class="notranslate">Controller</code> class, do the following:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">indexAction</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="c1"> // retrieve the object from database</span> <span class="nv">$product</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">; </span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nv">$product</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="k">throw</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">createNotFoundException</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' The product does not exist' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="p"> } </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>The <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Controller/Controller.html#method_createNotFoundException" title="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller::createNotFoundException()">createNotFoundException()</a></code> method is just a shortcut to create a special <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Component/HttpKernel/Exception/NotFoundHttpException.html" title="Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundHttpException">NotFoundHttpException</a></code> object, which ultimately triggers a 404 HTTP response inside Symfony.</p> <p>Of course, you're free to throw any <code class="notranslate">Exception</code> class in your controller - Symfony will automatically return a 500 HTTP response code.</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">\Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
Something went wrong!'
</span><span class="p">);
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>In every case, an error page is shown to the end user and a full debug error page is shown to the developer (i.e. when you're using the <code class="notranslate">app_dev.php</code> front controller - see <a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html#page-creation-environments"><span>The imports Key: Loading other Configuration Files</span></a>).</p> <p>You'll want to customize the error page your user sees. To do that, see the <a class="reference internal" href="controller/error_pages.html"><em>How to Customize Error Pages</em></a> article.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="the-request-object-as-a-controller-argument"> <span id="controller-request-argument"></span><span id="index-8"></span> <h2>The Request object as a Controller Argument<a class="headerlink" href="#the-request-object-as-a-controller-argument" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>What if you need to read query parameters, grab a request header or get access to an uploaded file? All of that information is stored in Symfony's <code class="notranslate">Request</code> object. To get it in your controller, just add it as an argument and <strong>type-hint it with the Request class</strong>:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">indexAction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Request</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="nv">$firstName</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="nv">$lastName</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="nv">$page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">query</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' page' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // ...</span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#request-object-info"><span>Keep reading</span></a> for more information about using the Request object.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="managing-the-session"> <h2>Managing the Session<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-the-session" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Symfony provides a nice session object that you can use to store information about the user between requests. By default, Symfony stores the attributes in a cookie by using native PHP sessions.</p> <p>To retrieve the session, call <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Controller/Controller.html#method_getSession" title="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller::getSession()">getSession()</a></code> method on the <code class="notranslate">Request</code> object. This method returns a <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/Session/SessionInterface.html" title="Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\SessionInterface">SessionInterface</a></code> with easy methods for storing and fetching things from the session:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">indexAction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Request</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="nv">$session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">getSession</span><span class="p">(); </span> <span class="c1"> // store an attribute for reuse during a later user request</span> <span class="nv">$session</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' foo' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="s1">' bar' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // get the attribute set by another controller in another request</span> <span class="nv">$foobar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$session</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' foobar' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // use a default value if the attribute doesn't exist</span> <span class="nv">$filters</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$session</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' filters' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">()); </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>Stored attributes remain in the session for the remainder of that user's session.</p> <div class="section" id="flash-messages"> <span id="index-9"></span> <h3>Flash Messages<a class="headerlink" href="#flash-messages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>You can also store special messages, called " flash" messages, on the user's session. By design, flash messages are meant to be used exactly once: they vanish from the session automatically as soon as you retrieve them. This feature makes " flash" messages particularly great for storing user notifications.</p> <p>For example, imagine you're processing a <a class="reference internal" href="forms.html"><em>form</em></a> submission:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">updateAction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Request</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="c1"> // ...</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$form</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">isSubmitted</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">& & </span> <span class="nv">$form</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">isValid</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="c1"> // do some sort of processing</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">addFlash</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">' notice' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="s1">' Your changes were saved!' </span> <span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // $this->addFlash() is equivalent to $request->getSession()->getFlashBag()->add()</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">redirectToRoute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="p"> } </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>After processing the request, the controller sets a flash message in the session and then redirects. The message key (<code class="notranslate">notice</code> in this example) can be anything: you'll use this key to retrieve the message.</p> <p>In the template of the next page (or even better, in your base layout template), read any flash messages from the session:</p> <div class="configuration-block"> <ul class="simple"> <li><em>Twig</em> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-html+twig"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"> { # app/Resources/views/base.html.twig #
}
</span> <span class="c"> { # you can read and display just one flash message type... #
}
</span> <span class="cp"> { %</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nv">flash_message</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="nv">app.session.flashBag.get</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s1">' notice' </span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="cp">%
}
</span> <span class="nt"><
div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"
flash-notice"
</span><span class="nt">>
</span> <span class="cp"> { { </span> <span class="nv">flash_message</span> <span class="cp"> }
}
</span> <span class="nt"><
/div>
</span> <span class="cp"> { %</span> <span class="k">endfor</span> <span class="cp">%
}
</span> <span class="c"> { # ...or you can read and display every flash message available #
}
</span> <span class="cp"> { %</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nv">type</span><span class="o">, </span> <span class="nv">flash_messages</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="nv">app.session.flashBag.all</span> <span class="cp">%
}
</span> <span class="cp"> { %</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nv">flash_message</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="nv">flash_messages</span> <span class="cp">%
}
</span> <span class="nt"><
div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"
flash-</span><span class="cp"> { { </span> <span class="nv">type</span> <span class="cp"> }
}
</span><span class="s">"
</span><span class="nt">>
</span> <span class="cp"> { { </span> <span class="nv">flash_message</span> <span class="cp"> }
}
</span> <span class="nt"><
/div>
</span> <span class="cp"> { %</span> <span class="k">endfor</span> <span class="cp">%
}
</span> <span class="cp"> { %</span> <span class="k">endfor</span> <span class="cp">%
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </li> <li><em>PHP</em> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-html+php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"><
!-- app/Resources/views/base.html.php -->
</span> // you can read and display just one flash message type...
<span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$view</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'
session'
</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">getFlashBag</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
notice'
</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$message</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span> <span class="nt"><
div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"
flash-notice"
</span><span class="nt">>
</span> <span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$message</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span> <span class="nt"><
/div>
</span> <span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">endforeach</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span> // ...or you can read and display every flash message available
<span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$view</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'
session'
</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">getFlashBag</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">all</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$type</span> <span class="o">=>
</span> <span class="nv">$flash_messages</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span> <span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$flash_messages</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$flash_message</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span> <span class="nt"><
div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"
flash-</span><span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$type</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span><span class="s">"
</span><span class="nt">>
</span> <span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$message</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span> <span class="nt"><
/div>
</span> <span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">endforeach</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span> <span class="cp"><
?php</span> <span class="k">endforeach</span> <span class="cp">?>
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="admonition-wrapper"> <div class="note"></div> <div class="admonition admonition-note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">It's common to use <code class="notranslate">notice</code>, <code class="notranslate">warning</code> and <code class="notranslate">error</code> as the keys of the different types of flash messages, but you can use any key that fits your needs.</p> </div> </div> <div class="admonition-wrapper"> <div class="tip"></div> <div class="admonition admonition-tip"> <p class="first admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="last">You can use the <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/Session/Flash/FlashBagInterface.html#method_peek" title="Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Flash\FlashBagInterface::peek()">peek()</a></code> method instead to retrieve the message while keeping it in the bag.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="the-request-and-response-object"> <span id="request-object-info"></span><span id="index-10"></span> <h2>The Request and Response Object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-request-and-response-object" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>As mentioned <a class="reference internal" href="#controller-request-argument"><span>earlier</span></a>, the framework will pass the <code class="notranslate">Request</code> object to any controller argument that is type-hinted with the <code class="notranslate">Request</code> class:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">indexAction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Request</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">isXmlHttpRequest</span><span class="p">(); </span> <span class="c1"> // is it an Ajax request?</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">getPreferredLanguage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' en' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="s1">' fr' </span><span class="p">)); </span> <span class="c1"> // retrieve GET and POST variables respectively</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">query</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' page' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' page' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // retrieve SERVER variables</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">server</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' HTTP_HOST' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // retrieves an instance of UploadedFile identified by foo</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">files</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' foo' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // retrieve a COOKIE value</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">cookies</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' PHPSESSID' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // retrieve an HTTP request header, with normalized, lowercase keys</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">headers</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' host' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">headers</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' content_type' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>The <code class="notranslate">Request</code> class has several public properties and methods that return any information you need about the request.</p> <p>Like the <code class="notranslate">Request</code>, the <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object has also a public <code class="notranslate">headers</code> property. This is a <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/ResponseHeaderBag.html" title="Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\ResponseHeaderBag">ResponseHeaderBag</a></code> that has some nice methods for getting and setting response headers. The header names are normalized so that using <code class="notranslate">Content-Type</code> is equivalent to <code class="notranslate">content-type</code> or even <code class="notranslate">content_type</code>.</p> <p>The only requirement for a controller is to return a <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object. The <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/Response.html" title="Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response">Response</a></code> class is an abstraction around the HTTP response - the text-based message filled with headers and content that's sent back to the client:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="c1"> // create a simple Response with a 200 status code (the default)</span>
<span class="nv">$response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
Hello '
</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="nx">Response</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">HTTP_OK</span><span class="p">);
</span> <span class="c1"> // create a CSS-response with a 200 status code</span>
<span class="nv">$response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
<
style>
... <
/style>
'
</span><span class="p">);
</span> <span class="nv">$response</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">headers</span><span class="o">->
</span><span class="na">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'
Content-Type'
</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="s1">'
text/css'
</span><span class="p">);
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>There are special classes that make certain kinds of responses easier:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>For files, there is <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/BinaryFileResponse.html" title="Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\BinaryFileResponse">BinaryFileResponse</a></code>. See <a class="reference internal" href="components/http_foundation.html#component-http-foundation-serving-files"><span>Serving Files</span></a>.</li> <li>For streamed responses, there is <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/StreamedResponse.html" title="Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\StreamedResponse">StreamedResponse</a></code>. See <a class="reference internal" href="components/http_foundation.html#streaming-response"><span>Streaming a Response</span></a>.</li> </ul> <div class="admonition-wrapper"> <div class="seealso"></div> <div class="admonition admonition-seealso">Now that you know the basics you can continue your research on Symfony <code class="notranslate">Request</code> and <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object in the <a class="reference internal" href="components/http_foundation.html#component-http-foundation-request"><span>HttpFoundation component documentation</span></a>.</div> </div> <div class="section" id="json-helper"> <h3>JSON Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#json-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionnumber">3.1</span>The <code class="notranslate">json()</code> helper was introduced in Symfony 3.1.</p> </div> <p>To return JSON from a controller, use the <code class="notranslate">json()</code> helper method on the base controller. This returns a special <code class="notranslate">JsonResponse</code> object that encodes the data automatically:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c1"> // ...</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">indexAction</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="c1"> // returns '{"username":"jane.doe"}' and sets the proper Content-Type header</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' username' </span> <span class="o">=> </span> <span class="s1">' jane.doe' </span><span class="p">)); </span> <span class="c1"> // the shortcut defines three optional arguments</span> <span class="c1"> // return $this->json($data, $status = 200, $headers = array(), $context = array());</span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>If the <a class="reference internal" href="serializer.html"><em>serializer service</em></a> is enabled in your application, contents passed to <code class="notranslate">json()</code> are encoded with it. Otherwise, the <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.json-encode.php" title="json_encode">json_encode</a></code> function is used.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="file-helper"> <h3>File helper<a class="headerlink" href="#file-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2: </span>The <code class="notranslate">file()</code> helper was introduced in Symfony 3.2.</p> </div> <p>You can use the <code class="notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="http://api.symfony.com/3.2/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Controller/Controller.html#method_file" title="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller::file()">file()</a></code> helper to serve a file from inside a controller:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre>1 2 3 4 5</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">fileAction</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="c1"> // send the file contents and force the browser to download it</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' /path/to/some_file.pdf' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p>The <code class="notranslate">file()</code> helper provides some arguments to configure its behavior:</p> <div class="literal-block notranslate"> <div class="highlight-php"> <table class="highlighttable"> <tr> <td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"><pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16</pre></div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\File</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\ResponseHeaderBag</span><span class="p">;
</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">fileAction</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p"> { </span> <span class="c1"> // load the file from the filesystem</span> <span class="nv">$file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">File</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' /path/to/some_file.pdf' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // rename the downloaded file</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="s1">' custom_name.pdf' </span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="c1"> // display the file contents in the browser instead of downloading it</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-> </span><span class="na">file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' invoice_3241.pdf' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="s1">' my_invoice.pdf' </span><span class="p">, </span> <span class="nx">ResponseHeaderBag</span><span class="o">: : </span><span class="na">DISPOSITION_INLINE</span><span class="p">); </span> <span class="p">
}
</span> </pre></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="final-thoughts"> <h2>Final Thoughts<a class="headerlink" href="#final-thoughts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Whenever you create a page, you'll ultimately need to write some code that contains the logic for that page. In Symfony, this is called a controller, and it's a PHP function where you can do anything in order to return the final <code class="notranslate">Response</code> object that will be returned to the user.</p> <p>To make life easier, you'll probably extend the base <code class="notranslate">Controller</code> class because this gives two things:</p> <ol class="upperalpha simple"> <li>Shortcut methods (like <code class="notranslate">render()</code> and <code class="notranslate">redirectToRoute()</code>); </li> <li>Access to <em>all</em> of the useful objects (services) in the system via the <a class="reference internal" href="#controller-accessing-services"><span>get()</span></a> method.</li> </ol> <p>In other articles, you'll learn how to use specific services from inside your controller that will help you persist and fetch objects from a database, process form submissions, handle caching and more.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="keep-going"> <h2>Keep Going!<a class="headerlink" href="#keep-going" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Next, learn all about <a class="reference internal" href="templating.html"><em>rendering templates with Twig</em></a>.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="learn-more-about-controllers"> <h2>Learn more about Controllers<a class="headerlink" href="#learn-more-about-controllers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> </div> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="controller/argument_value_resolver.html">Extending Action Argument Resolving</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="controller/csrf_token_validation.html">How to Manually Validate a CSRF Token in a Controller</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="controller/error_pages.html">How to Customize Error Pages</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="controller/forwarding.html">How to Forward Requests to another Controller</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="controller/service.html">How to Define Controllers as Services</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="controller/soap_web_service.html">How to Create a SOAP Web Service in a Symfony Controller</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="controller/upload_file.html">How to Upload Files</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="row pager"> <li class="col-xs-6 previous"> <a accesskey="P" title="How to Allow a &quot;/&quot; Character in a Route Parameter" href="routing/slash_in_parameter.html"> «
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